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From Aleppo to the Caucasus: Kurdish Defeat and Turkey’s Expanding Influence

During the latest wave of the civil war in Syria, which began on November 27, 2024, the pro-Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) refused to fight on the side of Bashar al-Assad’s regime. Pro-government forces loyal to Assad attempted to involve Kurdish formations in coordinating actions and defending key areas, particularly in Aleppo. However, the Kurdish […]

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Publications

Government Support Programs for Nagorno-Karabakh Refugees in 2025: Assessment and Recommendations

  Main Support Programs In 2025, the support programs for residents forcibly displaced from Artsakh underwent changes. The largest mid-term program, which provided compensation for rent and utility expenses under the formula of 40,000 + 10,000 AMD, was significantly revised. As of April 1, 2025, the composition of beneficiaries changed: instead of all refugees without […]

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Publications

Between Reform and Risk: Armenia’s Defense Sector in 2025

The year 2025 became another year of proclaimed reforms, modernization, and important military-political steps for the Armenian Armed Forces. Despite difficult conditions—both external and internal—the army has continued to make certain efforts to strengthen its capabilities, optimize its structure, and adapt to new realities. Defense cooperation: France, India, and strategic partnerships Armenia is actively developing […]

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Publications

The New U.S. National Security Strategy Through Armenia’s Lens

At the beginning of December, the new U.S. National Security Strategy was published, triggering considerable debate in both the United States and Europe. The document codifies the fundamental principles that, in practice, underpin U.S. foreign policy during Donald Trump’s second presidential term. The strategy explicitly speaks of a a “Trump Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine, […]

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Publications

Azerbaijan’s Gas Promises to Europe: Political Commitments Without Resource Backing

In recent years, Azerbaijan has been positioned as a key alternative gas supplier for Europe. A recent statement by President Ilham Aliyev about gas supplies to 14 countries creates the impression of a large-scale expansion of export geography. Moreover, Aliyev previously promised to double Azerbaijani gas supplies to Europe by 2027, increasing them to around […]

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Publications

Counting More Than Votes: Pre-Election Challenges in Armenia

Only a few months remain until the 2026 Regular National Assembly Elections, and logically, the electoral agenda is at the core of the public and political discourse. The increasing public interest in elections is also evidenced by the voter turnout figures in the recent Local Self-Government Body (LSGB) elections: 43% in Gyumri and 45% in […]

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Publications

Invisible Barrels: How Azerbaijan Hides Its Oil Shipments to Israel

According to Oil Change International, between November 1, 2023 and October 1, 2025, Israel received 17.9 million tons of oil from 12 countries, with around 70% of the total coming from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The largest supplier is listed as “Turkey (Azeri)” – 7.146 million tons delivered by 61 tankers entering Israeli ports. Formally, the […]

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Publications

Baku 2025: The Israeli Arsenal on Display

The parade of the armed forces of Azerbaijan on November 8, 2025, in Baku became a showcase for the newest Israeli military technologies. The demonstration of weaponry and military equipment was notable for the abundance of the newest Israeli armaments, which underlined that the share of Israeli high-tech systems in the Azerbaijani army’s arsenal continues […]

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Publications

French Parliamentary Report: Export Licenses Open the Door to Major Defense Acquisitions for Armenia

The Report to the French Parliament on Arms Exports for 2024, prepared in the summer of 2025 by the French government, recorded the beginning of growing military cooperation with Armenia. In the section “Support for Armenia,” the report clearly states that France firmly supports Armenia in defending its territory and population, acting strictly within defensive […]

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