Articles

Publications

Azerbaijan’s Gas Promises to Europe: Political Commitments Without Resource Backing

In recent years, Azerbaijan has been positioned as a key alternative gas supplier for Europe. A recent statement by President Ilham Aliyev about gas supplies to 14 countries creates the impression of a large-scale expansion of export geography. Moreover, Aliyev previously promised to double Azerbaijani gas supplies to Europe by 2027, increasing them to around […]

Read More
Publications

Counting More Than Votes: Pre-Election Challenges in Armenia

Only a few months remain until the 2026 Regular National Assembly Elections, and logically, the electoral agenda is at the core of the public and political discourse. The increasing public interest in elections is also evidenced by the voter turnout figures in the recent Local Self-Government Body (LSGB) elections: 43% in Gyumri and 45% in […]

Read More
Publications

Invisible Barrels: How Azerbaijan Hides Its Oil Shipments to Israel

According to Oil Change International, between November 1, 2023 and October 1, 2025, Israel received 17.9 million tons of oil from 12 countries, with around 70% of the total coming from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The largest supplier is listed as “Turkey (Azeri)” – 7.146 million tons delivered by 61 tankers entering Israeli ports. Formally, the […]

Read More
Publications

Baku 2025: The Israeli Arsenal on Display

The parade of the armed forces of Azerbaijan on November 8, 2025, in Baku became a showcase for the newest Israeli military technologies. The demonstration of weaponry and military equipment was notable for the abundance of the newest Israeli armaments, which underlined that the share of Israeli high-tech systems in the Azerbaijani army’s arsenal continues […]

Read More
Publications

French Parliamentary Report: Export Licenses Open the Door to Major Defense Acquisitions for Armenia

The Report to the French Parliament on Arms Exports for 2024, prepared in the summer of 2025 by the French government, recorded the beginning of growing military cooperation with Armenia. In the section “Support for Armenia,” the report clearly states that France firmly supports Armenia in defending its territory and population, acting strictly within defensive […]

Read More
Publications

Caesar 6X6 for Armenia: A Compromise Between Effectiveness, Availability, and Political Risk

General Samvel Babayan (Commander of the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army, 1992–1999) recently criticized the decision to purchase the French Caesar 6×6 self-propelled howitzers for the needs of the Armed Forces of Armenia, pointing to a number of technical and tactical shortcomings compared with other systems available on the market. In the general’s view, the French Caesar […]

Read More
Publications

The One-Day War of 2023 in Nagorno-Karabakh: Facts and Figures Versus Falsification

In Armenian media, one can often hear the claim made by some politicians and propagandists that on September 19–20, 2023, Artsakh did not fight and simply “surrendered without a shot.” Such narratives are spread by the Armenian authorities and by those close to them, as well as their affiliated media resources, with the aim of […]

Read More
Publications

Armenia Needs a Competent Army—Not Financial Deals with Its Citizens

The Armenian government has preliminarily approved an initiative for a new system of mandatory conscription, developed by a ruling party MP and presented by Armenia’s Minister of Defense at a regular cabinet meeting. According to the minister, young men of conscription age can opt out of the two-year military service by paying a sum of […]

Read More
Publications

Diversifying Armenia’s Defense: Shifting Alliances and Military Modernization

Armenia’s defeat in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, followed by Azerbaijani offensives on Armenian territory and Nagorno-Karabakh in 2022 and 2023, marked a turning point in the country’s defence strategy. These conflicts exposed critical weaknesses in the Armenian army, which remained largely reliant on outdated Soviet and Russian weaponry. This dependence on Russian arms and logistical […]

Read More